Après-Tax

After-tax performance.

Objective after-tax returns, personalized to individual clients.

Begin with after-tax performance basics.

  1. 01Time-weighted return
  2. 02After-tax time-weighted return
  3. 03Pre- vs post-liquidation
  4. 04Tax rate arbitrage
  5. 05Tax alpha
  6. 06Tax alpha personalization
  7. 07Wash sale basis adjustment

Lesson 01

Time-weighted return

Time-weighted
+20.0%
Money-weighted
+20.0%
Examples
$300k$0$100k365d+20.0%+20.0%

Time-weighted strips out deposit and withdrawal timing; money-weighted keeps it, grading the cash-flow decisions too.

Lesson 02

After-tax time-weighted return

Time-weighted
Pre-tax
+25.0%
After-tax
+25.0%
Money-weighted
Pre-tax
+25.0%
After-tax
+25.0%
Examples
$300k$0$100k1095dpre +25.0%after-tax +25.0%

Interest at the ordinary rate; qualified dividends and realized gains at the long-term rate. Simplified: gains and losses net across the window, not by tax year.

Lesson 03

Pre- vs post-liquidation

Pre-liquidation
+0.0%
Post-liquidation
+0.0%
Examples
$300k$0$100k10y+0.0%+0.0%

Nothing is realized during the hold, so pre-liquidation equals the gross return. The year-10 sale taxes the embedded gain at the 24% long-term rate, the correct character for a decade-long hold.

Lesson 04

Tax rate arbitrage

Start rate (offset now)
End rate (repay later)
40.8%
23.8%
Positive Arbitrage (+17.0%)
Saved now
$12,240
sheltered value now · 40.8%
Net, permanent
+$5,100
net arbitrage kept
Repaid later
-$7,140
basis reset tax at sale · 23.8%
$100kcost basisHarvest $30k lossSell · $60k gainBuy6 monthsYear 2

Harvesting resets the basis lower, creating a larger taxable gain at sale. This acts like a loan, not a gift. The permanent value is the rate gap: positive if you offset high-rate gains now and repay at low rates later, and negative if you offset low-rate gains now and repay at high rates later.

Lesson 05

Tax alpha

Tax alpha
+0.0%
per year, after-tax
The sleeve +5.0%
Index shadow +5.0%
Examples
$175k$0

Measured pre-liquidation: the sleeve pays tax on its deferred gain only at sale (Lesson 03).

Lesson 06

Tax alpha personalization

Same scenario, different tax alpha depending on persona
$175k$0gain +$18kharvest +$30kgain +$12k
PersonaTax alpha
Low bracket
Low bracket · No gains to offset · No-tax state
+0.0%
Mass-affluent
Moderate bracket · Long-term gains · No-tax state
+0.9%
Active trader
Top bracket · Short-term gains · No-tax state
+1.9%
Californian
Top bracket · Short-term gains · California
+2.7%

A harvested loss is worth the rate of the gain it offsets: nothing, long-term, or short-term, plus state. 2025 rates, single filer.

Lesson 07

Wash sale basis adjustment

Wash sale status
Repurchase Account
Disallowed Loss
Basis Adj. Up.
Saved now
$0
washed / disallowed
Net benefit
$0
zero arbitrage value
Repaid later
$0
basis kept high
$100kBasis stays $100ktacks (§1223)Washed $30k lossSell · $30k gainBuy6 monthsYear 2

Wash Sale: Repurchasing substantially identical securities within 30 days of sale disallows the loss today but adds it to the replacement cost basis, keeping the basis at $100,000 and avoiding extra tax at sale. The holding period tacks (IRC §1223).